Bhagavad Gita Chapter 13, Verse 9

इन्द्रियार्थेषु वैराग्यमनहंकार एव च | जन्ममृत्युजराव्याधिदुःखदोषानुदर्शनम् ||

indriyārtheṣu vairāgyam anahaṅkāra eva ca janma-mṛtyu-jarā-vyādhi-duḥkha-doṣānudarśanam

Detachment from sense objects, absence of ego, and perception of the faults in birth, death, old age, disease, and suffering.

Krishna continues listing qualities that lead to understanding. 'Indriyārtheṣu vairāgyam'—detachment from sense objects. When you're not attached to what you experience, you can see clearly. 'Anahaṅkāra'—absence of ego. When ego is absent, understanding emerges. 'Janma-mṛtyu-jarā-vyādhi-duḥkha-doṣānudarśanam'—perception of the faults in birth, death, old age, disease, and suffering. This isn't pessimism—it's realism. When you see clearly that the field (body) is subject to birth, death, aging, disease, and suffering, you recognize its temporary nature. You stop identifying with it. You recognize the distinction between the field (temporary, changing) and the knower (eternal, constant). This perception creates the foundation for understanding.