The Yoga of Liberation by Renunciation

Krishna details the five causes of action. 'Adhiṣṭhānaṁ'—the body (the seat/base of action). 'Tathā kartā'—and the doer (the sense of 'I am doing'). 'Karaṇaṁ ca pṛthag-vidham'—the various instruments (senses, mind, intellect). 'Vividhāś ca pṛthak ceṣṭā'—the different kinds of effort (various activities). 'Daivaṁ caivātra pañcamam'—and the Supreme (daivam) as the fifth (pañcamam). These five factors contribute to every action: (1) the body where action happens, (2) the doer who thinks 'I am acting', (3) the instruments (senses, mind, tools), (4) the various efforts, and (5) the Supreme power that enables action. Understanding this helps you see that you're not the sole cause—action involves these five factors. The Supreme (daivam) is the fifth cause, meaning there's a divine element enabling all action. This understanding helps you recognize your proper relationship to action: you participate, but you're not the only cause.