The Yoga of Knowledge and Renunciation of Action

Krishna summarizes that all the various sacrifices mentioned are 'vitatā brahmaṇo mukhe' (spread in the mouth of Brahman/the Vedas)—they're all described in sacred texts, all valid paths. The key insight: 'karmajān viddhi tān sarvān' (know them all to be born of action)—all sacrifices are forms of action, not inaction. This connects back to Chapter 3's teaching: you can't avoid action. But when action is done as sacrifice, it leads to liberation. The phrase 'evaṁ jñātvā vimokṣyase' (knowing thus, you will be liberated) shows that understanding this—that all paths involve action, and action done as sacrifice leads to freedom—is itself liberating. This verse bridges the many forms of sacrifice with the ultimate goal: liberation through understanding action as sacrifice.